STMicroelectronics UM2375 Jagorar Mai Amfani da Direba Linux

Wannan fakitin yana jigilar Layer abstraction Layer RF (RFAL) akan dandamalin Rasberi Pi 4 Linux don aiki tare da firmware X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1. Kunshin yana bayarwa azamanample aikace-aikacen gano nau'ikan NFC daban-daban tags da wayoyin hannu masu goyan bayan P2P. RFAL shine madaidaicin direba na ST don ST25R NFC/RFID Reader ICs ST25R3911B, ST25R3912, ST25R3913, ST25R3914 da ST25R3915. Ana amfani da shi, alal misali, ta ST25R3911B-DISCO firmware (STSW-ST25R002) da kuma ta X-NUCLEONFC05A1 firmware (X-CUBE-NFC5).

STSW-ST25R009 yana goyan bayan duk ƙa'idodin ST25R3911B ƙananan ka'idoji da kuma wasu ka'idoji mafi girma don sadarwa. An rubuta RFAL ta hanyar šaukuwa, don haka yana iya aiki akan nau'ikan na'urori da yawa dangane da Linux®. Wannan takaddar tana bayyana yadda za a iya amfani da ɗakin karatu na RFAL akan daidaitaccen tsarin Linux (a wannan yanayin Rasberi Pi 4) don sadarwar NFC/RF. Lambar tana da ɗaukar nauyi sosai kuma tana aiki tare da ƙananan canje-canje akan kowane dandamali na Linux.

Hoto 1. RFAL ɗakin karatu a kan dandamali na Linux

Ƙarsheview

Siffofin

Cikakken direban sarari mai amfani na Linux (RF abstraction Layer) don gina aikace-aikacen da aka kunna NFC ta amfani da ST25R3911B/ST25R391x babban aikin NFC gaba tare da ikon fitarwa har zuwa 1.4 W

Linux host sadarwa tare da ST25R3911B/ST25R391x ta amfani da SPI dubawa
Cikakken RF/NFC abstraction (RFAL) don duk manyan fasahohi da manyan ka'idojin Layer:
- NFC-A (ISO14443-A)
- NFC-B (ISO14443-B)
- NFC-F (FeliCa™)
- NFC-V (ISO15693)
- P2P (ISO18092)
- ISO-DEP (ISO Data musayar yarjejeniya, ISO14443-4)
- NFC-DEP (NFC yarjejeniyar musayar bayanai, ISO18092)
- Fasaha ta mallaka (Kovio, B', iClass, Calypso®,…)
SampAna samun aiwatarwa tare da allon fadada X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1, wanda aka saka cikin Rasberi Pi 4

Sampaikace-aikacen don gano NFC da yawa tag iri da wayoyin hannu masu goyan bayan P2P
Sharuɗɗan lasisin mai amfani kyauta

Software architecture

Hoto 2 yana nuna cikakkun bayanan gine-ginen software na ɗakin karatu na RFAL akan dandamalin Linux®.

RFAL yana da sauƙin ɗauka zuwa wasu dandamali ta hanyar daidaita abin da ake kira dandamali files.

Kan kai file rfal_platform.h ya ƙunshi ma'anoni macro, waɗanda ake buƙatar samarwa da aiwatar da su ta wurin mai dandalin. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da takamaiman saitunan dandamali kamar aikin GPIO, albarkatun tsarin, makullai da IRQs, waɗanda ake buƙata don daidaitaccen aiki na RFAL.

Wannan nunin yana aiwatar da ayyukan dandamali kuma yana ba da tashar jiragen ruwa na ɗakin karatu na RFAL zuwa sararin mai amfani na Linux®. Laburaren da aka raba file An ƙirƙira, wanda aikace-aikacen demo ke amfani dashi don nuna ayyukan da Layer RFAL ya bayar.

Mai masaukin Linux® yana amfani da ƙirar sysfs da ake samu daga sararin mai amfani na Linux® don ba da damar sadarwar SPI tare da na'urar ST25R3911B. A cikin Linux kernel SPI sysfs interface yana amfani da Linux® kernel driver spidev don aikawa/karɓan firam ɗin SPI zuwa/daga ST25R3911B.

Don sarrafa layin katsewa na ST25R3911B, direba yana amfani da libgpiod don samun sanarwar canje-canje akan wannan layin.

Hoto 2. RFAL software gine akan Linux

Saitin kayan aikin

An yi amfani da dandamali

Ana amfani da allon Rasberi Pi 4 tare da Rasberi Pi OS azaman dandamali na Linux don gina ɗakin karatu na RFAL da yin hulɗa tare da ST25R3911B akan SPI.
ST25R3911B yana ba da damar aikace-aikace akan dandamalin Linux don ganowa da sadarwa tare da na'urorin NFC.

Hardware bukatun

Rasberi Pi 4
8 GBytes micro SD katin don taya Rasberi Pi OS
Mai karanta katin SD
Jirgin gada don haɗa X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 tare da Adaftar Rasberi Pi Arduino don Rasberi Pi, lambar ɓangaren ARPI600.

Saukewa: X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1. Koma zuwa sabbin buƙatun Rasberi Pi OS.

Haɗin kayan aiki

Ana amfani da allon adaftar ARPI600 Rasberi Pi zuwa Arduino don haɗa X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 tare da Rasberi Pi. Ana buƙatar gyara masu tsalle na allon adaftar don haɗa shi da X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1.

Tsanaki: ARPI600 ba daidai ba yana samar da 5 V zuwa fil ɗin Arduino IOREF. Haɗa X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 kai tsaye yana ciyar da 5 V akan wasu fil, wannan na iya lalata allon Rasberi Pi. Akwai rahotanni musamman na Rasberi Pi 4B+ da gaske ana lalata su. Don guje wa wannan yanayin daidaita ko dai ARPI600 (aiki mai wuyar gaske) ko X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 (aiki mai sauƙi).

Mafi sauƙin gyara shine yanke fil ɗin CN6.2 (IOREF) akan X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3.

Yanke wannan fil baya shafar aiki tare da allunan Nucleo (NUCLEO-L474RG, NUCLEO-F401RE, NUCLEO-8S208RB, da sauransu).

Hoto 3. Gyara haɗin hardware

Saitin tsalle

Masu tsalle don A5, A4, A3, A2, A1 da A0 da aka nuna a hoto 4 dole ne a canza su zuwa P23, P22, P21 da CE1. Tare da waɗannan saitunan jumper, ana amfani da lambar fil ɗin GPIO na Rasberi azaman layin katsewa don X-NUCLEO-NFC7A05.

Hoto 4. Matsayin masu tsalle A5, A4, A3, A2, A1 da A0 akan allon adaftar.

A halin yanzu, wannan tashar tashar laburare ta RFAL tana amfani da fil GPIO7 azaman layin katsewa, bisa ga saitunan tsalle. Idan akwai buƙatu don canza layin katsewa daga GPIO7 zuwa GPIO daban, takamaiman lambar dandali (a cikin file pltf_gpio.h) yana buƙatar gyara don canza ma'anar macro "ST25R_INT_PIN" daga 7 zuwa sabon fil na GPIO, don amfani da shi azaman layin katsewa.

Tare da saitunan jumper na sama, ana iya amfani da allon adaftar don haɗa X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 tare da allon Rasberi Pi kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 5.

Hoto 5. saman saitin kayan aiki view

Hoto 6. Hardware saitin gefen view

Saitin muhalli na Linux

Booting na Rasberi Pi

Don saita yanayin Linux, mataki na farko shine shigar da kuma taya Rasberi Pi 4 tare da Rasberi Pi OS kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙasa:

Mataki na 1

Zazzage sabon hoton Raspberry Pi OS daga mahaɗin:

https://www.raspberrypi.com

Zaɓi Rasberi Pi OS tare da tebur. Don gwaje-gwajen da ke ƙasa an yi amfani da sigar mai zuwa: Satumba 2022 (2022-09-22-raspios-bullseye-armhf.img.xz).

Mataki na 2

Cire hoton Rasberi Pi kuma rubuta shi cikin katin SD ta bin umarnin da ke akwai a sashin mai suna "Rubuta hoto zuwa katin SD".

Mataki na 3

Haɗa kayan aikin:

Haɗa Rasberi Pi zuwa mai saka idanu ta amfani da madaidaicin kebul na HDMI.
Haɗa linzamin kwamfuta da madannai zuwa tashoshin USB na Raspberry Pi.

Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi aiki tare da Rasberi Pi ta amfani da ssh. A wannan yanayin ba a buƙatar haɗa mai duba, madannai da linzamin kwamfuta tare da Rasberi Pi. Abinda kawai ake buƙata shine samun PC tare da ssh a cikin hanyar sadarwa ɗaya kamar Rasberi Pi kuma saita adireshin IP daidai.

Mataki na 4

Buga Rasberi Pi tare da katin SD.

Bayan booting, Debian tushen Linux tebur yana bayyana akan saka idanu.

Lura: Wani lokaci, ana lura cewa bayan booting Rasberi Pi, wasu maɓallan madannai ba sa aiki. Don sanya su aiki, buɗe file /etc/default/keyboard kuma saita XKBLAYOUT =”mu” kuma sake kunna Rasberi Pi.

Kunna SPI akan Rasberi Pi

Direban SPI a cikin kwaya yana sadarwa da X-NUCLEO-NFC05A1 ta hanyar SPI. Yana da mahimmanci a bincika idan an riga an kunna SPI a cikin tsarin Rasberi Pi OS/kernel.
Bincika idan /dev/spidev0.0 yana bayyane a cikin yanayin Rasberi Pi. Idan ba a bayyane ba, kunna SPI dubawa ta amfani da mai amfani "raspi-config" ta bin matakan da aka bayyana a ƙasa.

Mataki na 1

Bude sabon tasha akan Raspberry Pi kuma gudanar da umarnin "raspi-config" azaman tushen:

sudo raspi-config

Wannan mataki yana buɗe hanyar dubawar hoto.

Mataki na 2

Zaɓi a cikin mahallin hoto zaɓin mai suna "Zaɓuɓɓukan Sadarwa".

Mataki na 3

Wannan mataki ya lissafa zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban.
Zaɓi zaɓi mai suna "SPI".
Wani sabon taga yana bayyana tare da rubutu mai zuwa:
"Za ku so a kunna haɗin SPI?"

Mataki na 4

Zaɓi a cikin wannan taga don kunna SPI.

Mataki na 5

Sake yi Rasberi Pi.
Matakan da ke sama zasu ba da damar dubawar SPI a cikin yanayin Rasberi Pi bayan sake kunnawa.

Gina ɗakin karatu na RFAL da aikace-aikace

Ana ba da RFAL demo na Linux a cikin ma'ajiyar bayanai. Bari mu ɗauka sunanta shine:
ST25R3911B_v2.8.0_Linux_demo_v1.0.tar.xz.
Don gina ɗakin karatu na RFAL da aikace-aikace akan Rasberi Pi, bi matakan da ke ƙasa:

Mataki na 1

Cire fakitin akan Rasberi Pi ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa daga kundin adireshin gida:

tar -xJvf ST25R3911B_v2.8.0_Linux_demo_v1.0.tar.xz

Mataki na 2

Idan ba a yi ba tukuna, shigar da cmake, ta amfani da umarnin da ke ƙasa:

dace-samu shigar cmake

RFAL library da tsarin gina aikace-aikace sun dogara ne akan cmake, saboda haka ana buƙatar shigar da cmake don haɗa kunshin.

Mataki na 3

Don gina ɗakin karatu na RFAL da aikace-aikacen, je zuwa littafin "gina":

cd ST25R3911B_v2.8.0_Linux_demo_v1.0/Linux_demo/build

kuma gudanar da umurnin da ke ƙasa daga can:

cika..

A cikin umarnin da ke sama "..." yana nuna cewa babban matakin CMakeLists.txt yana cikin kundin adireshi na iyaye, watau
ST25R3911B_v2.8.0_Linux_demo_v1.0.

Umurnin cmake yana haifar da yinfile wanda ake amfani da shi a mataki na gaba don gina ɗakin karatu da aikace-aikacen.

Mataki na 4

Gudanar da umarnin "yi" don gina ɗakin karatu na RFAL da aikace-aikacen:

Umurnin "yi" ya fara gina ɗakin karatu na RFAL sannan ya gina aikace-aikacen a samansa.

Yadda ake gudanar da aikace-aikacen

Nasarar haɓakawa yana haifar da aiwatarwa mai suna "nfc_demo_st25r3911b" a wuri mai zuwa:
/buil/applications.

Ta hanyar tsoho aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar gudana tare da haƙƙin tushe daga hanyar: ST25R3911B_v2.8.0_Linux_demo_v1.0/linux_demo/build:

sudo ./demo/nfc_demo_st25r3911b

Aikace-aikacen ya fara jefa kuri'a don NFC tags da wayoyin hannu. Yana nuna na'urorin da aka samo tare da UID kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 7.

Hoto 7. Nuna na'urorin da aka samo

Don ƙare aikace-aikacen danna Ctrl + C.

Tarihin bita

Tebur 1. Tarihin bitar daftarin aiki

Jerin Tables

Tebur 1. Tarihin bitar daftarin aiki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Jerin adadi

Hoto 1. RFAL ɗakin karatu akan dandamali na Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Hoto 2. RFAL software gine akan Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Hoto 3. Gyara haɗin hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Hoto 4. Matsayin masu tsalle A5, A4, A3, A2, A1 da A0 akan allon adaftar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Hoto 5. saman saitin kayan aiki view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Hoto 6. Hardware saitin gefen view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Hoto 7. Nuna na'urorin da aka samo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

MUHIMMAN SANARWA – KU KARANTA A HANKALI

STMicroelectronics NV da rassan sa ("ST") sun tanadi haƙƙin yin canje-canje, gyare-gyare, haɓakawa, gyare-gyare, da haɓakawa ga samfuran ST da/ko ga wannan takaddar a kowane lokaci ba tare da sanarwa ba. Ya kamata masu siye su sami sabbin bayanai masu dacewa akan samfuran ST kafin yin oda. Ana siyar da samfuran ST bisa ga sharuɗɗa da sharuɗɗan siyarwa na ST a wurin lokacin amincewa.

Masu siye ke da alhakin zaɓi, zaɓi, da amfani da samfuran ST kuma ST ba ta ɗaukar alhakin taimakon aikace-aikacen ko ƙirar samfuran masu siye.

Babu lasisi, bayyananne ko fayyace, ga kowane haƙƙin mallakar fasaha da ST ke bayarwa a nan.

Sake siyar da samfuran ST tare da tanadi daban-daban da bayanan da aka gindaya a ciki zai ɓata kowane garantin da ST ya bayar don irin wannan samfurin.

ST da tambarin ST alamun kasuwanci ne na ST. Don ƙarin bayani game da alamun kasuwanci na ST, koma zuwa www.st.com/trademarks. Duk sauran samfuran ko sunayen sabis mallakin masu su ne.

Bayanin da ke cikin wannan takarda ya maye gurbin bayanan da aka kawo a baya a cikin kowane juzu'in wannan takaddar.

Takardu / Albarkatu

STMicroelectronics UM2375 Direba Linux [pdf] Manual mai amfani
UM2375 Linux Direba, UM2375, Linux Direba, Direba

Magana

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